两道CIE 的A-level 经济真题解析，教你找到解题关键！

在A-level考试中，A-level经济是一门比较难的考试科目，今天，锦秋小编将通过讲解两道CIE考试局的A-level经济考试题目，帮助大家找到A-level经济考试的考点，希望对大家解题有所帮助。

以下为题：

考点是计算 transition rate，同时我们复习一下GDP相关知识点。

What Is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

什么是GDP？

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a broad measurement of a nation’s overall economic activity. It is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period.

GDP 即国内生产总值，是衡量一个国家整体经济活动的广泛指标。它是一个国家在特定时间内生产的所有成品和服务的货币价值。

GDP includes:

all private and public consumption

government outlays

investments

additions to private inventories

paid-in construction costs and the foreign balance of trade (exports are added,imports are subtracted)

GDP 包括所有私人和公共消费、政府支出、投资、增加私人库存、支付的建设成本和对外贸易差额（增加出口，减去进口）。

了解了GDP的基本概念，我们回过头来看这道题，题目问Which country made the slowest rate of transition.

要千万注意这里问的是rate而不是difference，所以我们不能做加减运算，而是要做乘除运算，

即2000年的数据除以1995的数据得出来transition rate，然后比大小就可以知道正确答案是A。

接下来我们看第2题。

这里，我们先复习每个选项中的概念。

Free goods

自由商品

A free good is a good that is not scarce and therefore is available without limit.

自由商品是一种不稀缺的商品，因此是无限的。

A free good is available in as great a quantity as desired with zero opportunity cost to society.

A good that is made available at zero price is not necessarily a free good.

一种免费的商品，其数量和所需数量一样多，对社会来说，机会成本为零。以零价格提供的商品不一定是免费商品。

Merit goods

优等品

Merit goods are those goods and services that the government feels that people will under-consume and which ought to be subsidised or provided free at the point of use so that consumption does not depend primarily on the ability to pay for the good or service.

优等品是指政府认为人们消费不足的商品和服务，在使用时应给予补贴或免费提供，这样消费就不主要取决于支付商品或服务的能力。

Private Goods

私人物品

A private good is a product that must be purchased to be consumed and

consumption by one individual prevents another individual from consuming it.

私人物品是必须购买才能消费的产品，一个人的消费会阻止另一个人消费。

In other words,a good is considered to be a private good if there is competition between individuals to obtain the good and if consuming the good prevents someone else from consuming it.

换言之，如果个人之间为了获得商品而存在竞争，并且如果消费商品阻止他人消费，那么商品被认为是私人商品。

Public Goods

公共物品

Public goods are the opposite of private goods.

公共物品与私人物品是对立的。

Public goods are generally open for all to use and consumption by one party does not deter another party's ability to use it.

公共物品一般是开放给所有人使用的，一方的消费并不妨碍另一方使用公共物品的能力。

It is also not excludable,preventing the use of the good by another is not possible.

这也是不可排除的,阻止他人使用商品是不可能的。

Many public goods can be consumed at no cost.

许多公共物品可以免费消费。

Water fountains in public places would qualify as public goods, since they can be used by anyone and there is no reasonable possibility of it becoming fully used up.

Public television received over the air and standard AM or FM local radio also qualify, as any number of people can watch of listen to the broadcast without affecting other people's ability to do so.

公共场所的饮水机可以作为公共物品，因为它们可以被任何人使用，并且没有充分利用的可能性。通过广播接收的公共电视和标准AM或FM本地电台也符合条件，因为任何数量的人都可以观看收听广播，而不会影响其他人观看广播的能力。

通过分析以上概念，我们很容易得，出正确答案选 C

最后我们来总结一下，本次题目中考察的5个知识点分别是：

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Private Goods

Public Goods

Merit goods

Free goods

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